Edmat
Hi I'm Ed Mat of the Philippines....
Saturday, April 18, 2026
Rey Quilala
Amlodipine
AMLODIPINE (NORVASC) SIDE EFFECTS
π£ What is amlodipine?
➟ Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker commonly used to treat high blood pressure and some heart-related conditions.
➟ Like all medicines, it can cause side effects, although not everyone gets them.
π£ Common side effects
➟ Swollen ankles or lower legs are one of the most common side effects.
➟ Some people get headache, especially when first starting the medicine.
➟ Dizziness or lightheadedness can happen.
➟ Flushing may make the face feel hot, red, or warm.
➟ Some people notice a pounding or fast heartbeat.
π£ Important point about ankle swelling
➟ Mild ankle swelling is common and often not dangerous, but it should still be discussed with a doctor if it is bothersome, painful, one-sided, severe, or getting worse.
➟ Swelling of the hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs is a recognized side effect.
π£ How to reduce common problems
➟ If ankles swell, raise your legs when sitting.
➟ For headache, rest and drink fluids. Headaches often improve as the body gets used to amlodipine.
➟ If you feel dizzy, sit or lie down until it passes.
➟ If flushing or palpitations bother you, it may help to cut down on alcohol and caffeine.
➟ Take the medicine exactly as prescribed.
π£ Do not stop it suddenly on your own
➟ Do not stop amlodipine without talking to your doctor.
➟ Even if side effects happen, the safer step is to speak to your doctor or pharmacist rather than stopping it suddenly.
π£ Get help urgently if
➟ New chest pain or chest pain that is worse or does not settle after a few minutes
➟ Yellow eyes or yellow skin, which can suggest liver problems
➟ Severe stomach pain, with or without nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, because this can be a warning sign of pancreatitis
➟ Face, mouth, tongue, or throat swelling, or trouble breathing, which can be a serious allergic reaction
π£ Important note
➟ Common side effects often improve as your body gets used to amlodipine.
➟ But if symptoms are severe, do not improve, or make daily life difficult, the medicine may need review by your doctor.
Medical disclaimer: This note is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please seek urgent medical care if there is chest pain, trouble breathing, face swelling, yellow eyes/skin, or severe stomach pain while taking amlodipine.
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Friday, April 17, 2026
Pinuno
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Wednesday, April 15, 2026
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Tuesday, April 14, 2026
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Hypo
π¦ Hypothyroidism — Full Educational Explanation
π Definition
Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces insufficient thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), resulting in a reduced metabolic rate and slowed body functions.
⸻
π§ Pathophysiology (Core Concept)
• Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism
• In hypothyroidism:
• ↓ T3, ↓ T4
• ↑ TSH (primary hypothyroidism)
π Leads to:
• Slowed metabolism
• Reduced energy production
• Accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (in severe cases → myxedema)
⸻
⚠️ Common Causes
1. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (Most common)
• Autoimmune destruction of thyroid gland
• Presence of antibodies (TPO, Tg)
⸻
2. Iodine Deficiency
• Essential for thyroid hormone synthesis
• Common in areas with poor iodine intake
⸻
3. Thyroid Surgery
• Removal of thyroid → reduced hormone production
⸻
4. Radioactive Iodine Therapy
• Used for hyperthyroidism
• May lead to permanent hypothyroidism
⸻
5. Medications
• Examples:
• Amiodarone
• Lithium
• Interferon
⸻
π Risk Factors
• Female gender
• Age > 60 years
• Family history
• Autoimmune diseases
• Postpartum state
• Low iodine intake
⸻
π¨ Signs & Symptoms
π» Metabolic Effects
• Weight gain (despite normal appetite)
• Cold intolerance
• Fatigue / low energy
⸻
π§ Neurological / Psychological
• Poor concentration
• Memory problems
• Depression
⸻
πͺ Musculoskeletal
• Muscle aches
• Stiffness
• Weakness
⸻
π§΄ Skin & Hair
• Dry, coarse skin
• Hair thinning / hair loss
⸻
π½️ Gastrointestinal
• Constipation
⸻
♀️ Reproductive
• Heavy or irregular menstrual cycles
• Fertility issues
⸻
π¦ Thyroid-specific
• Goiter (enlarged thyroid)
⸻
π§ͺ Diagnosis
Blood Tests (Most important)
• ↑ TSH
• ↓ T3 / T4
⸻
Antibody Tests
• TPO antibodies → Hashimoto’s
⸻
Imaging
• Ultrasound → gland size/structure
⸻
π Treatment
1. Levothyroxine (T4 Replacement)
• Standard treatment
• Taken daily (usually lifelong)
⸻
2. Lifestyle Support
• Balanced diet (iodine, selenium, iron)
• Regular exercise
• Adequate sleep
⸻
3. Monitoring
• Regular TSH checks
• Dose adjustment as needed
⸻
⚠️ Complications
𦴠Metabolic / Cardiovascular
• High cholesterol
• Increased risk of heart disease
⸻
πΆ Reproductive
• Infertility
• Pregnancy complications
⸻
π§ Severe Condition
Myxedema Coma (Emergency ⚠️)
• Severe hypothyroidism
• Symptoms:
• Hypothermia
• Confusion
• Coma
π Life-threatening
⸻
π Hormonal Effects on Body
Low thyroid hormones cause:
• ↓ Metabolism
• ↓ Heart rate
• ↑ Cholesterol
• Weight gain
• Fatigue
• Mood changes
⸻
π₯ Management Tips
• Take medication regularly
• Take on empty stomach (morning)
• Avoid excess soy/calcium near medication time
• Maintain balanced diet
• Stay active
• Regular follow-up
⸻
π¨ When to See a Doctor
• Unexplained weight gain
• Persistent fatigue
• Severe constipation
• Neck swelling
• Depression or memory issues
• Menstrual irregularities
• ⚠️ Severe drowsiness or confusion
⸻
π§ Key Takeaways
• Hypothyroidism = slow metabolism
• Most common cause = Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
• Diagnosis: ↑TSH, ↓T3/T4
• Treatment: Levothyroxine
• Early treatment prevents complications
Disclaimer: This is for educational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. See a healthcare provider for personal advice.











