Reclusion perpetua.

Reclusión perpetua is a Spanish term meaning "permanent imprisonment" that is used in the Philippines, Argentina, and other Spanish-speaking countries. In the Philippine legal system, it is a specific penalty with a maximum term and accessory penalties, which distinguishes it from "life imprisonment". 

Key Distinctions in the Philippines

While often colloquially translated as "life imprisonment," reclusión perpetua has important legal differences under Philippine law: 

Duration: Unlike an indefinite life sentence, reclusión perpetua has a specific duration of 20 years and one day to a maximum of 40 years. A person sentenced to this penalty may be eligible for parole after serving a minimum of 30 years, unless deemed unworthy.

Governing Law: Reclusión perpetua is the penalty prescribed for grave crimes under the Revised Penal Code (RPC), while "life imprisonment" is the penalty imposed for offenses punishable by special laws.

Accessory Penalties: Reclusión perpetua carries accessory penalties, which include perpetual absolute disqualification from holding political office and the loss of certain civil rights. "Life imprisonment" does not carry these same accessory penalties.

Bail: Offenses punishable by reclusión perpetua or life imprisonment are generally considered non-bailable if the evidence of guilt is strong, but bail may still be granted if the prosecution fails to prove the evidence is strong. 

Common Crimes Punishable by Reclusión Perpetua

Due to the abolition of the death penalty, reclusión perpetua is the maximum penalty for heinous crimes under the Revised Penal Code, including: 

Treason

Murder

Parricide

Kidnapping and serious illegal detention

Qualified piracy

Destructive arson

Rape (under certain circumstances) 

For further details on specific laws, individuals can refer to official legal resources like the Supreme Court E-Library or the Philippine laws portal (LawPhil).